European Cardamom Market Shows Potential Amid Challenges

The European market for cardamom holds significant potential, according to the Dutch Centre for the Promotion of Imports from Developing Countries (CBI). However, official EU import data reveals a more complex picture, with fluctuating demand and supply challenges.

Growing Demand in Europe

Although Europe accounts for just 8% of global cardamom imports and has seen a recent dip in sales, the CBI predicts rising demand. The increasing popularity of Asian and Middle Eastern cuisines, driven by Europe’s multicultural shift, is expected to boost consumption. Additionally, cardamom is a favored ingredient in vegan cooking and traditional recipes.

Since Europe does not produce its own cardamom, it relies entirely on imports. While imports of whole cardamom—making up 74% of total volume—are volatile, demand for crushed or ground cardamom remains stable.

Import Trends Reflect Market Volatility

EU cardamom imports peaked at 2,738 metric tons (mt) in 2021, following a price surge in 2020 when average import prices hit a record €19.94/kg ($21.51/kg). The spike was partly fueled by the COVID-19 pandemic, as consumers sought spices believed to have health benefits.

Prices later dropped sharply, reaching a low of €7.97/kg ($8.60/kg) in 2023. However, import volumes stagnated due to economic slowdowns. Despite this, recent data shows resilience: imports have stabilized above 1,960 mt—higher than pre-pandemic levels, which saw a gradual rise from 1,447 mt in 2012 to 1,707 mt in 2019.

In 2024, EU spending on cardamom rebounded to €25 million. This resurgence has reinforced confidence in the market’s long-term potential.

Guatemala Dominates Supply Amid Production Challenges

Guatemala remains the EU’s leading cardamom supplier, holding an 86% market share in recent years. However, thrips infestations and premature harvesting—driven by farmers capitalizing on high prices—have caused a sharp decline in production.

In 2024, Guatemala’s output fell to 17,000-20,000 mt, far below its usual 36,000 mt annual average. Consequently, its EU market share dipped slightly to 85%, with shipments remaining flat.

India has emerged as a key alternative supplier, with exports to the EU surging 63% in 2024. Still, India accounted for only 6% of total EU imports. The UK, which primarily re-exports Indian cardamom, also saw an 18% increase in shipments.

EU Cardamom Imports (2023-2024, in kg)

Source: DG TAXUD Customs Surveillance (HS Codes 09083100 & 09083200)

Netherlands and Germany: Key Trading Hubs

The Netherlands handles 49% of EU cardamom imports, serving as a major entry point. The country not only re-exports whole cardamom but also processes 50% of the EU’s ground cardamom exports, according to the CBI.

Germany, Europe’s largest spice market, accounts for 21% of EU imports. The country is a hub for sustainable and organic spices, with many companies specializing in premium cardamom products.

Other notable importers include Italy (7%), Sweden (6%), and Finland (6%). Sweden stands out for its exceptionally high per capita consumption—18 times greater than other European nations—as cardamom has become a dietary staple.

Opportunities and Challenges

While the European cardamom market shows promise, supply chain disruptions and price volatility remain hurdles. The growing demand for ethnic cuisines and natural ingredients suggests a positive trajectory, but suppliers must navigate production challenges to sustain growth.

For now, Guatemala’s dominance persists, but India and other exporters are gaining ground. As Europe’s appetite for cardamom expands, diversification in sourcing and stable pricing will be key to long-term success.